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1.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics ; (12): 440-445, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985888

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the risk factors of malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease within one year after surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study selected 502 infants with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical treatment in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2018 to January 2019. Their basic information and clinical data were analyzed, and their nutrition status after the surgery was followed up by questionnaire survey. Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ)≤-2 one year after operation was defined as malnutrition group, and WAZ>-2 was non-malnutrition group. The perioperative indicators and complementary food advancement were compared between the two groups by chi-square test, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 502 infants were selected, including 301 males and 201 females, with the age of 4.1 (2.0, 6.8) months. There were 90 cases in malnutrition group and 412 cases in non-malnutrition group. The body length and weight at birth in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((47.8±3.8) vs. (49.3±2.5) cm, (2.7±0.6) vs.(3.0±0.5) kg, both P<0.001). The proportion of paternal high school education or above and the proportion of family per capita income of 5 000 yuan or above in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((18.9% (17/90) vs. 30.8% (127/412), 18.9% (17/90) vs. 33.7% (139/412), both P<0.05). Compared to the non-malnutrition group, the proportion of complex congenital heart disease in the malnutrition group was higher (62.2% (56/90) vs. 47.3% (195/412), P<0.05). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, postoperative hospital stay, total length of ICU stay and total hospital stay in the malnutrition group were significantly longer than those in non-malnutrition group (all P<0.05). The proportion of egg and fish supplementation over 2 times/week within one year after the surgery was also lower in the malnutrition group (both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother's weight at delivery (OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91-0.99), the pre-operative WAZ≤-2 (OR=6.04, 95%CI 3.13-11.65), the complexity of the cardiac disease (OR=2.23, 95%CI 1.22-4.06), the hospital stay after the surgery over 14 days (OR=2.61, 95%CI 1.30-5.26), the types of complementary food<4 (OR=2.57, 95%CI 1.39-4.76), and the frequency of meat and fish<2 times/week (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.13-3.93) were the risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after the surgery. Conclusion: Mother's weight at delivery pre-operative nutritional status, complexity of cardiac disease, postoperative hospital stay, types of daily supplements and frequency of fish are risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after surgery in children with congenital heart disease.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Malnutrition/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Risk Factors , Length of Stay , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications
3.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(4): 556-564, dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1392385

ABSTRACT

La desnutrición infantil constituye un grave problema de salud, afectando los sectores sociales más desfavorecidos. La desnutrición causa disminución del crecimiento y del desempeño escolar, altera el estado bioquímico e incrementa la morbimortalidad infantil. Entre las principales causas de desnutrición están la dieta inadecuada, la presencia de infecciones que interfieren con la utilización adecuada de nutrientes, inequidad e insuficiente disponibilidad de alimentos. En América Latina, aproximadamente 2,3 millones de niños de 0 a 4 años se ven afectados por desnutrición moderada o grave y 8,8 millones presentan baja talla para su edad, con alta prevalencia de desnutrición crónica, lo que es atribuible a determinantes sociales, económicos y políticas de salud deficientes en la mayoría de países de la región. En Ecuador existe una prevalencia de desnutrición de 23,2%, situación que se agrava en el contexto rural, presentando más frecuencia en la Sierra (32%), la Costa (15,7%), la Amazonía (22,7%) y la zona Insular (5,8%), y aun cuando se han implementado programas de nutrición, los logros positivos de indicadores nutricionales, no han alcanzado impactar lo suficiente en algunas comunidades indígenas en las que se estima una tasa de desnutrición crónica infantil por encima de 50%. La presente investigación muestra los principales rasgos de la desnutrición infantil en Ecuador, partiendo de un diseño cualitativo, interpretativo y análisis documental con el objetivo de sistematizar el conocimiento y fortalecer las bases teórico-metodológicas de planes y estrategias necesarios para disminuir los efectos negativos de la desnutrición en el desarrollo infantil(AU)


Infant malnutrition constitutes a serious health problem, affecting the most disadvantaged social sectors. Malnutrition causes a decrease in growth and school performance, an alteration in the biochemical state and an increase in infant morbidity and mortality. Among the main causes of malnutrition are an inadequate diet, the presence of infections that interfere with the adequate use of nutrients, inequity, and insufficient food availability. In Latin America, approximately 2.3 million children aged 0 to 4 are affected by moderate or severe malnutrition and 8.8 million are short for their age, with a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition, which is attributable to social determinants economic, economic and health policies in most countries of the region. In Ecuador there is a prevalence of malnutrition of 23.2%, a situation that worsens in the rural context, presenting more frequency in the Sierra (32%), the Coast (15.7%), the Amazon (22.7%) and the Insular zone (5.8%), and even when nutrition programs have been implemented, the positive achievements of nutritional indicators have not had a sufficient impact on some indigenous communities in which a rate of chronic child malnutrition is estimated by above 50%. This research shows the main features of child malnutrition in Ecuador, starting from a qualitative, interpretive design and documentary analysis with the aim of systematizing knowledge and strengthening the theoretical-methodological bases of plans and strategies necessary to reduce the negative effects of the malnutrition in child development(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutrition Programs and Policies , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Vulnerable Populations , Ecuador/epidemiology , Health Policy
6.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2020026, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1143854

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate both the content and reliability of the Neonatal Nutritional Risk Screening Tool (FARNNeo). Methods: Methodological study, convergent care. The instrument was built prior to the literature review and was analyzed by eight judges, during three cycles of the Delphi technique. The judges assessed their relevance and clarity with responses on the Likert scale with three levels, in addition to suggestions. The validation of the instrument was calculated using the agreement rate and content validity index (CVI). After content validation, the instrument was applied by four assisting nutritionists to verify reliability, using Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and the agreement between the evaluators by the Kappa coefficient. Results: All items of the instrument`s content reached the minimum agreement rate (90%) and/or CVI (0.9), except for item three, which in the first cycle obtained CVI 0.77 and 40% of agreement and, in the second cycle, CVI 0.75 and 38% agreement. At the end of the third cycle, all items had CVI values above 0.9. In the instrument application, alpha of 0.96 and Kappa of 0.74 were obtained, which reflect adequate values of internal consistency and agreement between the evaluators. Conclusions: FARNNeo proved to be reliable, clear, relevant, and reproducible for tracking early nutritional risk, systematizing the care of Brazilian newborns admitted to an intensive care unit.


RESUMO Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar o conteúdo e a confiabilidade da Ferramenta de Avaliação do Risco Nutricional Neonatal (FARNNeo). Métodos: Estudo metodológico, convergente assistencial. O instrumento foi construído previamente à revisão da literatura e analisado por oito juízes, durante três ciclos da técnica Delphi. Os juízes avaliaram sua pertinência e clareza com respostas na escala Likert com três níveis, além de sugestões. A validação do instrumento foi calculada pela taxa de concordância e índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). Após a validação do conteúdo, o instrumento foi aplicado por quatro nutricionistas assistenciais para verificar a fidedignidade, utilizando o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e a concordância entre os avaliadores pelo coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: Todos os itens do conteúdo do instrumento alcançaram o valor mínimo da taxa de concordância (90%) e/ou IVC (0,9), com exceção do item três, que no primeiro ciclo obteve IVC 0,77 e 40% de concordância e, no segundo ciclo, IVC 0,75 e 38% de concordância. No fim do terceiro ciclo, todos os itens obtiveram valores de IVC acima de 0,9. Na aplicação da ferramenta, obteve-se alfa de 0,96 e Kappa de 0,74, que refletem valores adequados de consistência interna e concordância entre os avaliadores. Conclusões: A FARNNeo mostrou-se confiável, clara, pertinente e reprodutível para rastreamento do risco nutricional precoce, sistematizando o atendimento de recém-nascidos brasileiros internados em centro de terapia intensiva.


Subject(s)
Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/instrumentation , Brazil , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Reproducibility of Results , Delphi Technique , Gestational Age , Risk Assessment , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Extremely Premature
8.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 9(2): 216, ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1103452

ABSTRACT

Los primeros mil días de vida, desde la concepción hasta el final de los primeros dos años de vida, constituye un período crucial para establecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad o de la salud en la vida futura de los individuos. La exposición a ambientes adversos determinará las alteraciones temporales en el ADN que perduran en el tiempo que dicha exposición exista. Las políticas y programas destinados a garantizar el bienestar durante esta ventana crítica del crecimiento son cruciales para que la población goce de las mejores condiciones posibles que permitan la expresión de su máximo potencial, al cual están programados para desarrollar. Palabras clave: condiciones ambientales, programas y políticas(AU)


The first thousand days of life, from the conception until the end of the first two years of life, constitutes a key period in which the development of disease or health establishes in the future lives of individuals. Exposure to adverse environments will determine the temporary impairments in DNA that last as long as the exposure exists. Policies and programs aimed at guaranteeing well-being during this critical window of growth are crucial for the population to enjoy the best possible conditions that allow the expression of their maximum potential, to which they are programmed to develop(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Social Conditions , Nutrition Programs , Infant Nutrition Disorders , Growth and Development , Poverty , Malnutrition , Prenatal Nutrition
9.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 111, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1139485

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional situation of children under five years old from both urban and rural areas of Colombia. METHOD: Analytical study, based on cross-sectional data, collected from ENSIN-2015. The sample consisted of 12,256 children aged between 0 and 4 years old. We calculated the prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). PR were assessed by binomial regression models with malnutrition or overweight as the dependent variable and geographic area as the explanatory variable. We used context variables to adjust the estimated PR and control the confounder within. RESULTS: Acute malnutrition (weight-for-height) had a prevalence of 1.6%, while overweight had a 5.6% rate. No differences per geographic zone in the weight-for-height indicator were found. Stunted growth - chronic malnutrition - was higher in the rural area (PR = 1.2; 95%CI 1-1.53; p = 0.050). Prevalences adjusted by variables related to structural, social and economic developement showed that both the household chief's educational level and the food insecurity of the area account for malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The height-for-age indicator works better to establish development level. Measures against coverage, relevance and quality of education and access to food can harm the nutritional status of the children.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Analizar el estado de nutrición en menores de cinco años de áreas urbanas y rurales en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, con base en datos de corte transversal, recolectados por la ENSIN-2015. La muestra fue de 12.256 niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) y sus respectivos intervalos al 95% de confianza (IC95%). Las RP se obtuvieron de modelos de regresión binomial con el déficit o el exceso, como la variable dependiente y la zona geográfica como la principal explicación. Variables del contexto se utilizaron para ajustar las RP estimadas y limpiar el efecto confusor de éstas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de desnutrición aguda (peso/talla) fue de 1,6%, la de exceso de 5,6%. No existieron diferencias por zona geográfica, en el indicador (peso/talla). El retraso talla/edad - desnutrición crónica - fue mayor en la zona rural (RP = 1,2; IC95% 1,00-1,53; p = 0,050). Las prevalencias ajustadas por variables que dan cuenta del desarrollo estructural, social y económico, mostraron que la escolaridad del jefe y la inseguridad alimentaria del hogar explican la desnutrición. CONCLUSIONES: El indicador talla/edad es el mejor para establecer el nivel de desarrollo. Medidas contra la cobertura, pertinencia, calidad en la educación y el acceso a los alimentos impactarán negativamente el estado de nutrición en los niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology
10.
Asunción; s.n; Nov 2019. (1-67) p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1021733

ABSTRACT

La infancia es considerada como una etapa trascendental en el proceso evolutivo del hombre, caracterizada por dos fenómenos: crecimiento y desarrollo, por tanto es fundamental una adecuada nutrición. Con relación a este aspecto, el programa de complementación nutricional denominado PANI (Programa Ampliado Nutricional Integral), se implementa, para garantizar la atención oportuna de niños desnutridos y en riesgo de desnutrición y evitar otros factores de riesgo que puedan poner en peligro a esta población vulnerable. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la implementación del programa PANI en niños menores de 5 años desnutridos y con riesgo de desnutrición en la Unidad de Salud Familiar ItáKa´aguy, durante el periodo 2015 a 2017. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, en donde se evaluó a 74 niños menores de 5 años desnutridos y con riesgos de desnutrición, que fueron atendidos en la Unidad de Salud Familiar ItáKa´aguy, (Fernando de la Mora, XIa Región Sanitaria - Central). Se implementó con ellos el Programa de Asistencia Nutricional y luego de 2 años se compararon los resultados de la evaluación inicial, con las actuales. Resultados: Se resalta que, previo a la intervención sólo 4 niños tuvieron un peso adecuado; 19 niños se encontraban en estado de desnutrición; 6 niños se encontraban en el nivel de peso no adecuado y 40 niños se encontraban en "Riesgo de desnutrición". Mientras que posterior a la implementación del programa, 62 niños obtuvieron el peso adecuado a su edad; 3 niños se mantuvieron con signos clínicos de desnutrición y 4 niños manifestaron riesgo de desnutrición. Conclusión: se encontró que el PANI ha contribuido a mejorar de la desnutrición en los niños y niñas, como en el peso acorde con la edad, pero no así en aspectos como talla y el edema, por lo que se concluye que el impacto ha sido medio. Palabras Clave: Nutrición de los Grupos de Riesgo, Programas y Políticas de Nutrición y Alimentación,


The childhood is considered as a transcendental stage in the evolutionary process of man, characterized by two phenomena: growth and development, therefore proper nutrition is essential. In relation to this aspect, the nutritional complementation program called PANI (Comprehensive Nutritional Extended Program), is implemented to ensure timely care of malnourished children at risk of malnutrition and avoid other risk factors that may endanger this population vulnerable. Objective: To analyze the impact of the implementation of the PANI program in children under 5 years of age undernourished and at risk of malnutrition in the ItáKa'aguy Family Health Unit, during the period 2015 to 2017. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted, cross-sectional, in which 74 under-5 undernourished children with risk of malnutrition were evaluated, who were attended in the ItáKa'aguy Family Health Unit (Fernando de la Mora, XIa Sanitary - Central Region). The Nutritional Assistance Program was implemented with them and after 2 years the results of the initial evaluation were compared with the current ones. Results: It is highlighted that, prior to the intervention, only 4 children had an adequate weight, 19 children were in malnutrition, 6 children were at the unsuitable weight level and 40 children were at risk of malnutrition; while after the implementation of the program, 62 children obtained the appropriate weight at their age, 3 children remained with clinical signs of malnutrition and 4 children showed risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: it was found that PANI has contributed to improve malnutrition in boys and girls, as in weight according to age, but not in aspects such as height and edema, so it is concluded that the impact has been medium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Nutrition Programs , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Paraguay/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Child Nutrition , Infant Nutrition , International Classification of Primary Care
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(9): 3213-3226, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019682

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever as causas e as tendências de Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) em menores de um ano, entre 2008 e 2014, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um delineamento ecológico, baseado em dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. Classificaram-se as internações segundo o diagnóstico principal e a Lista Brasileira de ICSAP, considerando as seguintes faixas etárias: Neonatais precoce, Neonatal tardia e Pós-neonatal. Para a análise de tendência das internações foram ajustados modelos de regressão linear. Ocorreram 851.713 internações de Menores de um ano, sendo 22,6% por ICSAP. As principais reduções das frequências de internação foram: Pneumonias bacterianas (-7,10%) e Desvios nutricionais (-7,70) em Neonatal precoce. As elevações foram: Doenças relacionadas ao pré-natal e parto (+10,14%) e Doenças imunizáveis e condições evitáveis em Pós-neonatal (+14,13%), com destaque para coqueluche e sífilis congênita. Os resultados mostram uma deficiência no cuidado à saúde infantil na atenção primária no estado de São Paulo, enquanto que as tendências de internações estimadas podem auxiliar no planejamento de estratégias para diminuir os agravos e os gastos no setor terciário de atenção em saúde.


Abstract The scope of this article is to describe the trends of primary health care-sensitive (PHC) hospitalizations in children under one year of age between 2008 and 2014 in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. It is an ecological study with descriptive and analytical characteristics, based on secondary data from the national health information system. Hospitalizations were classified according to the Brazilian list of PHC hospitalizations considering the Early Neonatal, Late Neonatal and Post-Neonatal age groups. Linear regression models were adjusted for trend analysis of the 851,713 hospitalizations of children under one year of age analyzed, of which 22.6% were PHC-related. The main groups with decreases were: Bacterial pneumonia (-7.10%) and Nutritional disorders (-7.70%) in the Early neonatal phase. The main increases were: Disease related to prenatal/childbirth (+10.14%) and Immunosuppressive diseases and avoidable conditions in Post-neonatal (+14.13%) infants, among which pertussis and congenital syphilis were the main causes of hospitalization. The results showed a deficiency in the primary health care system for infants in the State of Sao Paulo. The estimated trends should be used for planning cost-effective strategies to prevent and control causes of hospitalization in children under one year of age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Age Factors , Pneumonia, Bacterial/therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology
12.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 28(1): e2017507, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001963

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: verificar como e quando a alimentação complementar (AC) se inicia, seu perfil, o consumo de industrializados e o estado nutricional de crianças de 1-3 anos. Métodos: foram avaliadas crianças matriculadas em escolas públicas de Pelotas, RS, Brasil; utilizaram-se os indicadores de estatura/idade, peso/idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC)/idade. Um questionário estruturado aplicado aos pais/cuidadores. A AC foi considerada precoce quando iniciada antes dos 6 meses. Os dados foram apresentados de forma descritiva. Resultados: 79 crianças foram avaliadas, 13 apresentaram sobrepeso e 6 obesidade; 11 acusaram peso elevado para a idade. A média para início da AC foi de 5,3 meses. Enquanto menores de 6 meses, 43% receberam gelatina e 12,7% suco de caixinha; quando na idade de 6-24 meses, 96,2% receberam biscoito recheado e 91,1% salgadinho. Conclusão: a AC e o consumo de alimentos industrializados iniciaram-se precocemente; obesidade e sobrepeso foram mais prevalentes que desnutrição.


Objetivo: evaluar como y cuando comienza la alimentación complementaria (AC), su perfil, consumo de alimentos procesados y estado nutricional de niños de 1-3 años. Métodos: se evaluaron niños matriculados en escuelas públicas de Pelotas, RS, Brasil; se utilizaron los índices de longitud/estatura/edad, peso/edad e índice de masa corporal (IMC)/edad, y un cuestionario estructurado aplicado a los padres/cuidadores; la AC fue considerada precoz cuando empezó antes de los seis meses; los datos se presentaron de modo descriptivo. Resultados: 79 niños fueron evaluados, 13 presentaron sobrepeso y 6 obesidad; 11 presentaron peso elevado para la edad; el promedio para el inicio de la AC fue de 5,3 meses; en cuanto a menores de 6 meses, 43% recibieron gelatina y 12,7% jugo de caja; a los 6-24 meses, 96,2% recibieron galletitas rellenas y 91,1% snacks salados. Conclusión: la AC y el consumo de alimentos industrializados comenzaron precozmente; obesidad y sobrepeso fueron más prevalentes que la desnutrición.


Objective: to verify how and when complementary feeding (CF) begins, its profile, consumption of processed foods and nutritional status of children aged 1-3 years. Methods: children enrolled at public schools in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, were evaluated; length/height-for-age and weight-for-age scores, and body mass index (BMI)/age were used, and a structured questionnaire was administered to parents/caregivers; CF was considered early when started before the age of six months; data were presented in a descriptive way. Results: 79 children were evaluated, of whom 13 were overweight and 6 obese; 11 had high weight-for-age; mean age for beginning CF was 5.3 months; when aged <6 months, 43% received gelatin, and 12.7% juice from cartons; when aged 6-24 months, 96.2% received filled biscuits and 91.1% salty snacks. Conclusion: CF and consumption of processed foods began early; obesity and overweight were more prevalent than malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Industrialized Foods , Infant Nutrition , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , School Health Services , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Child Day Care Centers , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology
13.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 28(2): e2018358, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012078

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: investigar a frequência de aleitamento materno exclusivo, a introdução precoce de outros alimentos e a associação com o baixo peso em crianças brasileiras. Métodos: analisaram-se registros de menores de 6 meses com dados inseridos no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional em 2015; investigaram-se associações, por regressão de Poisson. Resultados: encontraram-se prevalências de aleitamento exclusivo, 56,1% (IC95% 55,3;56,8), baixo peso para idade, 8,1% (IC95% 7,7;8,5), e baixo índice de massa corporal (IMC) para idade, 5,7% (IC95% 5,3;6,7); agua ou chás e fórmulas infantis foram os alimentos introduzidos mais precocemente; crianças em aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentaram menor prevalência de baixo peso (RP=0,73 - IC95% 0,61;0,87) e de baixo IMC (RP=0,69 - IC95% 0,56;0,85); o consumo de fórmulas infantis se associou ao deficit de peso (RP=1,35 - IC95% 1,15;1,58). Conclusão: reforçou-se a importância do aleitamento materno exclusivo para o adequado crescimento até os 6 meses.


Objetivo: investigar la frecuencia de la lactancia materna exclusiva, la introducción precoz de otros alimentos y su asociación con el bajo peso en niños brasileños. Métodos: se analizaron registros de menores de seis meses con datos insertados en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional en 2015; se investigaron las asociaciones por medio de la Regresión de Poisson. Resultados: se hallaron prevalencias de lactancia exclusiva, 56,1% (IC95% 55,3;56,8), bajo peso para la edad, 8,1% (IC95% 7,7;8,5), y bajo Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para la edad, 5,7% (IC95% 5,3;6,7); agua o tés y fórmulas infantiles fueron los alimentos introducidos más precozmente; los niños en lactancia materna exclusiva presentaron menor prevalencia de bajo peso (RP=0,73 - IC95% 0,61;0,87) y de bajo IMC (RP=0,69 - IC95% 0,56;0,85); el consumo de fórmulas se asoció al deficit de peso (RP=1,35 - IC95% 1,15;1,58). Conclusión: se ha reforzado la importancia de la lactancia materna exclusiva para el adecuado crecimiento has los 6 meses.


Objective: to investigate the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding, early introduction of other foods and association with prevalence of low weight in Brazilian children. Methods: we analyzed records of children under 6 months of age held on the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System for the year 2015; associations were investigated through Poisson Regression. Results: we found prevalence of 56.1% (95%CI 55.3;56.8) for exclusive breastfeeding, 8.1% (95%CI 7.7;8.5) for low weight for age, and 5.7% (95%CI 5.3;6.7) for low BMI for age; water or teas and infant formulas were the earliest foods introduced; underweight prevalence was lower (PR=0.73 - 95%CI 0.61;0.87) as was prevalence of low BMI (PR=0.69 - 95%CI 0.56;0.85) among exclusively breastfed infants; infant formula intake was associated with low weight (PR=1.35 - 95%CI 1.15;1.58). Conclusion: the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for adequate growth in the first 6 months of life was reinforced.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bottle Feeding/trends , Breast Feeding , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Infant Nutrition , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Body Weight/physiology , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data
14.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(4): 630-640, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978557

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La alimentación inadecuada en la etapa neonatal se asocia con la aparición de enfermedades metabólicas en períodos ontogenéticos posteriores. Objetivo: Asociar la lactancia materna y el destete con el sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade, Cuenca, Ecuador, en el período de octubre de 2016 a marzo de 2017. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo durante el período noviembre 2016 a enero 2017 en el Cantón Cuenca, provincia Azuay, Ecuador. El muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados de iguales proporciones seleccionó 137 niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 18 años de edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario que recogió datos sociodemográficos, de lactancia materna y destete. Se realizaron mediciones de peso y talla, y el cálculo del índice de Masa Corporal. Se procesaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva (media y desviación estándar), inferencial (Prueba T y X2) y correlaciones bivariada (X2, odds ratio) y multivariada (regresión logística binaria) mediante SPSS 23.0. Resultados: La lactancia materna por menos de 6 meses, la introducción de alimentos de manera temprana y la actividad física leve incrementan el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en más de 3 veces cada una en niños y adolescentes. Conclusiones: La lactancia materna y el destete están asociadas al sobrepeso y obesidad desde etapas tempranas del desarrollo humano. El valor explicativo que tienen en niños y adolescentes es relevante, y sugiere su empleo en programas educativos y preventivos en salud(AU)


Introduction: Inadequate feeding in the neonatal stage is associated with the appearance of metabolic diseases in further ontogenetic periods. Objective: To associate breastfeeding and weaning with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in the Educational Unit César Dávila Andrade in the Cuenca region, Ecuador, from October 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods: A descriptive, associative, and empirical study was conducted during the period of November 2016 - January 2017 in Cuenca, province of Azuay, Ecuador. The probability sampling by conglomerates of equal proportions selected 137 children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years of age. A questionnaire that collected sociodemographic data about breastfeeding and weaning was applied. Measurements of weight and height were made, as well as the calculation of the Body Mass Index. The data were processed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation); inferential statistics (T Test, X2); bivariate correlations (X2, odds ratio), and binary logistic regression, using SPSS 23.0. Results: Breastfeeding for less than six months, the introduction of food at an early stage of the life, and mild physical activity are factors that increase the risk of overweight and obesity more than 3 times in children and adolescents. Conclusions: Breastfeeding and weaning are associated with overweight and obesity from early stages of human development. The explanatory value that children and adolescents have is relevant, suggesting its implementation in educational and preventive health programs(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Infant Nutrition Disorders/metabolism , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Metabolism/physiology , Motor Activity , Weaning , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Ecuador , Observational Study
15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129820

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se descrever a utilização da observação participante (OP) para análise da alimentação de crianças desnutridas menores de dois anos. Foram analisados na íntegra oito diários de campo (DC) para identificar como a OP auxilia na avaliação das práticas alimentares de crianças dessa faixa etária. Os resultados foram agrupados nos seguintes temas: "A entrada em campo"; "O diário de campo: antes, durante e após as observações"; "A observação das práticas alimentares das crianças"; e "A observação que ultrapassa as práticas alimentares das crianças". Verificou-se in loco quais os alimentos preparados, oferecidos e consumidos pela criança, quem preparava, horários e locais das refeições, aspectos de higiene, interações mãe-criança, cuidados dispensados às crianças, situação social e redes de suporte das famílias. A OP revelou aspectos para além da alimentação como ato biológico e ampliou o entendimento sobre a situação da criança frente ao problema de saúde.


This study describes the use of participant observation to analyze the feeding of malnourished children under two years old. Eight field diaries were fully analyzed to identify the usefulness of this tool to evaluate feeding practices of children in this age group. The results were grouped according to the following themes: "Entry into the field"; "The field diary: before, during and after observations"; "Observing the children's feeding practices"; "Observing beyond the children's feeding practices". The kinds of foods prepared, offered and consumed by the child were recorded in loco, as well as who prepared food, the time and places where the meals occurred, hygiene aspects, mother-child interactions, daily childcare and families' social situation and support network. Participant observation revealed aspects beyond feeding as a biological act and improved the understanding of the children's health situation.


Se describió la utilización de observación participante (OP) para evaluar la alimentación de niños malnutridos menores de dos años. Se analizaron ocho diarios de campo (DC) para identificar cómo la OP auxilia en la evaluación de prácticas alimentarias de niños en este grupo de edad. Los resultados se agruparon en: Entrada en campo; El diario de campo: antes, durante y después de las observaciones; Observación de las prácticas alimentarias; y Observación que va más allá de las prácticas alimentarias. Se verificó in loco los alimentos preparados, ofrecidos y consumidos por el niño, quién los preparaba, los horarios y locales de las comidas, los aspectos de higiene, las interacciones madre-niño, los cuidados dispensados, la situación social y las redes de soporte de las familias. La OP reveló aspectos más allá de la alimentación como un acto biológico y amplió la comprensión sobre la situación del niño ante el problema de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders , Malnutrition , Diet , Infant
16.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 45(1): 25-35, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-914165

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La desnutrición es un desafío pendiente que influye nocivamente en el desarrollo de los niños indígenas, afectando su potencial de crecimiento. Objetivo: Analizar la situación nutricional niños indígenas menores de cinco años en el Paraguay y su asociación con factores socio- económicos y otros determinantes sociales. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico, realizado con datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta de Hogares Indígenas (EHI 2008). Variables: edad, sexo, grupo lingüístico, peso, talla, acceso a agua, acceso a saneamiento básico, tenencia de seguro médico, peso al nacer, lactancia materna, episodios de diarrea, educación. Se consideraron los siguientes grupos de edad: menores de un año, de 1 a 2 años, 2 a 3 años, 3 a 4 años, 4 años y más. El diagnóstico nutricional fue por antropometría, según criterios de la OMS: puntaje z Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad. Estadísticas: Se utilizaron promedio, desviación estándar, porcentajes. También se utilizó t Student y Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 555 niñas y niños menores de cinco años, edad promedio 29,1 meses (1-59 meses), 53,9% varones. Los promedios de zPeso/Edad, de zPeso/Talla y de zTalla/Edad fueron - 0,56±1,2DE; 0,64±1,2DE; -1,75±1,6DE, respectivamente. La prevalencia de Desnutrición Global (DG) fue del 9,8% (en riesgo del 25,0%), de Desnutrición Aguda (DA) del 1,5% (en riesgo del 5,6%), de Desnutrición Crónica (DC) del 41,7% (en riesgo del 29,4%), y de Obesidad del 9,0% (en riesgo del 28,6%). No se observó asociación significativa entre el estado nutricional y sexo. Se observó asociación significativa entre los grupos de edad y la DA (p<0,05), la DC (p<0,01), y el riesgo de DG (p<0,05). Se observó asociación significativa entre los grupos lingüísticos y la DC, el riesgo de DG, y el sobrepeso (p<0,05).Hubo mayor desnutrición en niños: sin seguro médico (DC 25,0 vs 43,4%, p<0,01), parto domiciliario (DC 33,2 vs 45,3%; DG 5,0 vs 11,8%; p<0,05), con bajo peso de nacimiento (en riesgo de DG 14,5 vs 39,9%; p<0,05), con diarrea durante los 3 meses anteriores (en riesgo de DG 21,2 vs 34,7%, p<0,01; sobrepeso 21,0 vs 31,6%, p<0,01), con madre no-alfabetizada (en riesgo de DG 18,6 vs 30,3%, p<0,01), con menor acceso a agua segura (DC vs 42,8vs 27,6 % p<0,01 y con piso de tierra (en riesgo de DA 0,9 vs 6,2%, p<0,05; DG 0,4 vs 11,0%, p<0,01). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en niños indígenas menores de cinco años de edad. Las políticas e intervenciones de alimentación y nutrición diseñadas para los pueblos indígenas deben seguir adaptándose de acuerdo con los estilos de vida culturales y las percepciones alimentarias de las comunidades para mejorar esta situación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Indigenous Peoples , Paraguay/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Basic Sanitation , Educational Status , Feeding Behavior , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Insurance, Health
17.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 52: 84, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962276

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the socioeconomic gradients in the measures of development and well-being of children under three years of age in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS We compiled information using a socioeconomic survey instrument, collecting anthropometric measurements, observing the home environment, and applying the Denver Test II to 2,755 children aged between zero and 28 months who are potential beneficiaries of the Cresça com Seu Filho program in Fortaleza. These children were randomly selected from a universe identified from the administrative record of the Cadastro Único of the Ministry of Social Development of Brazil. For the analysis, we reported descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and mean differences. RESULTS Rates of chronic malnutrition and overweight were 7.0%. The results of the Denver II test indicated that personal social (23%) and language (20%) are the domains in which children have the highest developmental delay, when compared with the international reference sample. Parental practices measured by two sub-scales of the Home Observation of the Environment Inventory were poor, with only 14.0% of families having two or more books in the home and 35.0% of the households reporting having spanked their child in the past three days. CONCLUSIONS We identified clear socioeconomic gradients in the anthropometric indicators, parenting practices, and the Denver Test II (especially in the language domain). Children from poorer households, as well as children of mothers with lower education levels, perform poorly on most measures.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO Identificar los gradientes socioeconómicos en medidas del desarrollo y bienestar en menores de tres años en Fortaleza, Nordeste de Brasil. MÉTODOS Se recolectó información a través de una encuesta socioeconómica, toma de medidas antropométricas, observación del ambiente en el hogar y aplicación del Test de Denver II de 2.755 niños de cero a 28 meses potenciales beneficiarios del programa Cresça com Seu Filho en Fortaleza. Estos niños fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de un universo identificado a partir del registro administrativo del Catastro Único del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de Brasil. Para el análisis se reportan estadísticas descriptivas, correlaciones de Pearson y diferencias de medias. RESULTADOS Las tasas de desnutrición crónica y el sobrepeso fueron iguales a 7,0%. Los resultados del Test de Denver II indicaron que las áreas en las que los niños presentan un mayor rezago en su desarrollo, cuando se compararon con la muestra de referencia internacional fueron personal-social (23,0%) y lenguaje (20,0%). Las prácticas parentales medidas por dos sub-escalas del Hom e Observation of the Enviroment fueron pobres, solo el 14,0% de las familias reportaron tener dos o más libros en el hogar y 35,0% de los hogares reportaron haberle pegado a su hijo en los últimos tres días. CONCLUSIONES Se identifican gradientes socioeconómicos claros en los indicadores antropométricos, las pautas de crianza y en la prueba Denver II (especialmente en el dominio de lenguaje). Los niños pertenecientes a los hogares más pobres, así como hijos de madres con menor nivel educativo, presentan un desempeño bajo en la mayoría de las medidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child Development/physiology , Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Infant Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Infant Nutrition Disorders , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Family Characteristics , Age Factors , Parenting , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Neuropsychological Tests
18.
Actual. nutr ; 18(2): 41-48, Junio 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-969220

ABSTRACT

Introducción: varios estudios sugieren que los recién nacidos prematuros (RNPT), especialmente los nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer (MBPN), están en mayor riesgo nutricional al momento del alta hospitalaria que al nacer. Materiales y métodos: se correlacionó la frecuencia de restricción del crecimiento extrauterino (RCEU) en recién nacidos de MBPN con variables antropométricas y prácticas alimentarias. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo y correlacional, evaluando variables antropométricas, prácticas alimentarias, tiempo en recuperar el peso de nacimiento (PN) y tiempo de hospitalización. Se incluyeron 76 RNPT de <1.500 g con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (PAEG) entre enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2014. Se dividieron en dos grupos: Grupo 1 (G1), N=39 (<1.000 g) y Grupo 2 (G2): N=37 (1.001- 1.500 g). Se utilizó correlación bivariada de Pearson. Resultados: en G1 el puntaje Z del peso al alta hospitalaria se asoció al aumento de peso diario promedio (r=0,725; p=0,01), al tiempo de estadía hospitalaria (r=0,378; p=0,05) y a la presencia de displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) durante la internación (r=0,36; p=0,05). En G2 el puntaje Z del peso al alta se asoció al aumento de peso diario promedio (r=0,656; p=0,01) y a la persistencia del conducto arterioso (DAP) (r=0,406; p=0,05). G1 inició nutrición enteral trófica (NET) más tarde (7,1±6,3 días vs 4,6±3,5 días; p=0,035) y el tiempo necesario para alcanzar la nutrición enteral total fue superior (45,9±16 vs 27,5±12 días; p=0,00). Al alta, el 77% del G1 presentó desnutrición y el 15% riesgo nutricional, mientras que en G2 el 32% estaba desnutrido y el 49% en riesgo nutricional (p=0,00). Conclusiones: el inicio tardío de la NET, el mayor tiempo requerido para alcanzar los requerimientos nutricionales, el PN <1.000 g, la duración de la estadía hospitalaria y la presencia de DBP se asocian al RCEU en RNPT.


Subject(s)
Argentina , Infant, Premature , Infant Nutrition Disorders , Neonatology
19.
Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College. 2017; 22 (2): 117-123
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-187482

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition in children is one of the major health challenges faced worldwide but more frequently in South Asian countries including Pakistan. The objective of this review is to analyse the situation of malnutrition, its risk determinants, assessment and management strategies. This review is based on information collected from PubMed, Google scholar, Medline, World Bank, World Health Organization [WHO], United Nations Children's Fund [UNICEF] websites and books. It is concluded that malnutrition status is improving but at a slower pace. Pakistan has a high prevalence of wasting, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Infant Nutrition Disorders , Child Nutrition Disorders , Disease Management , Growth Disorders , Micronutrients , Wasting Syndrome
20.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 53(4): 262-266, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794593

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Allergic proctocolitis is a disease that affects infants in the first months. The change in feed is the primary factor for clinical improvement and maintenance of the nutritional status of the infant. Objective Study the anthropometric evolution of infants with allergic proctocolitis at diagnosis and 1 to 6 months after nutritional intervention. Methods A retrospective cohort of infants with allergic proctocolitis diagnosis followed at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Institute of São Paulo (IGASTROPED), Brazil. The database with clinical, therapeutic and anthropometric data was obtained from medical records of outpatient infants. The therapeutic intervention was characterized by 1) exclusive breastfeeding with maternal exclusion diet of the six allergens (EBF-MED) or 2) no breastfeeding and use of hypoallergenic formulas. Results Of the 44 infants diagnosed with allergic proctocolitis, 23 were female. The median age of the infants was 3.5 months at the time of admission and 6 months after the intervention. The main clinical complaint was hematochezia with or without other symptoms of allergic proctocolitis. No difference was shown in the infants anthropometric evaluation between the two diets. Conclusion The duration of the allergic proctocolitis did not induce worsening of the infants nutritional status. Importantly, both nutritional interventions were able to keep the infants within the growth channel and resulted in the total clinical symptoms remission. Considering the fundamental mother-child link promoted by breastfeeding, the present data highlights the beneficial role of EBF-MED on the nutritional status of infants diagnosed with allergic proctocolitis in addition to the lower cost that breastfeeding brings compared the use of hypoallergenic formulas.


RESUMO Contexto Proctocolite alérgica é uma enfermidade que afeta lactentes nos primeiros meses. A modificação na alimentação é o fator primordial para melhora do quadro e manutenção do estado nutricional do lactente. Objetivo Avaliar a evolução antropométrica de lactentes com proctocolite alérgica no momento do diagnóstico e 1 a 6 meses após a intervenção nutricional. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva de lactentes com diagnóstico de proctocolite alérgica acompanhados no Instituto de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica de São Paulo (IGASTROPED), Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos prontuários de lactentes atendidos ambulatorialmente, coletando-se informações acerca do diagnóstico clínico, conduta terapêutica e dados antropométricos. A intervenção terapêutica foi caracterizada 1) aleitamento materno exclusivo com dieta de exclusão materna de seis alérgenos (AME-DEM) 2) fórmulas hipoalergênicas. Resultados Dos 44 lactentes diagnosticados com proctocolite alérgica, 23 eram do sexo feminino. A mediana de idade dos lactentes foi de 3,5 meses no momento da admissão e de 6 meses após a intervenção. A queixa clínica principal foi hematoquezia associada ou não a outros sintomas da proctocolite alérgica. Não houve diferença estatística na avaliação antropométrica dos lactentes em ambas as dietas. Conclusão A vigência da proctocolite alérgica não provocou agravo do estado nutricional dos lactentes e apesar de diferentes intervenções nutricionais, os lactentes se mantiveram dentro do canal de crescimento e ocasionou o desaparecimento total dos sintomas clínicos. A despeito destes resultados, destaca-se o papel benéfico do AME-DEM no processo de manutenção do estado nutricional do lactente e do vínculo mãe e filho, além do menor custo que o aleitamento materno traz comparado a utilização de fórmulas hipoalergênicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Proctocolitis/therapy , Breast Feeding , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Nutritional Status , Proctocolitis/complications , Proctocolitis/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Anthropometry , Retrospective Studies , Milk Hypersensitivity , Early Diagnosis
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